Sarcoidosis Treatment

What is Sarcoidosis?

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of tiny clumps of inflammatory cells, called granulomas, in various organs of the body. These granulomas can affect any organ but most commonly impact the lungs and lymph nodes. The exact cause of sarcoidosis remains unknown, though it is believed to result from the body's immune system responding to an unknown substance.

What Causes Sarcoidosis

The exact cause of sarcoidosis remains a mystery, but researchers believe it results from an abnormal immune response. When the immune system encounters an unknown substance—such as a virus, bacteria, or chemical— it triggers inflammation that leads to the formation of granulomas. These granulomas can accumulate in various organs, leading to the symptoms of sarcoidosis.

Several factors may contribute to the development of sarcoidosis, including:

  1. Genetics: A family history of sarcoidosis can increase the risk, suggesting that certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to the disease.
  2. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental substances, such as mold, insecticides, or other chemicals, may trigger the immune response that leads to sarcoidosis.
  3. Infections: Some studies suggest that infections caused by bacteria or viruses might initiate the immune response associated with sarcoidosis, though no specific infectious agent has been identified.
  4. Immune System Dysfunction: In people with sarcoidosis, the immune system may overreact to an unknown trigger, causing prolonged inflammation and granuloma formation.

Symptoms of Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis can manifest differently in each person, depending on the organs affected. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms that resolve on their own, while others may have more severe, long-lasting symptoms. The most common symptoms of sarcoidosis include:

  1. General Symptoms:
    • Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and lack of energy.
    • Fever: Low-grade fever and night sweats.
    • Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss.
  2. Lung Symptoms:
    • Persistent Dry Cough: A cough that doesn't produce mucus.
    • Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling out of breath, especially during physical activity.
    • Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest.
  3. Skin Symptoms:
    • Rashes: Red or purplish bumps, often on the shins or ankles, known as erythema nodosum.
    • Lesions: Sores or areas of discolored skin.
    • Lupus Pernio: Chronic, raised, and often disfiguring skin lesions on the face, particularly the nose and cheeks.
  4. Eye Symptoms:
    • Redness and Pain: Inflammation causing redness, pain, and sensitivity to light.
    • Blurred Vision: Vision problems due to uveitis (inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye).
    • Dry Eyes: A gritty or dry feeling in the eyes.
  5. Joint Symptoms:
    • Arthritis: Swelling, stiffness, and pain in the joints, particularly in the ankles and knees.
  6. Other Organ Involvement:
    • Heart: Irregular heartbeats, chest pain, or heart failure.
    • Nervous System: Neurological symptoms such as headaches, weakness, or numbness.
    • Liver and Spleen: Enlargement and potential dysfunction.

Early detection and management of sarcoidosis are essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life. At Millennium Physicians, our team is dedicated to providing personalized care to help manage and alleviate the symptoms of sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis Risk Factors

While the exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease. Sarcoidosis most commonly affects adults between the ages of 20 and 40 and is slightly more prevalent in women. Ethnicity also plays a role, with African Americans and people of Northern European descent being at higher risk; African Americans often experience more severe cases. A family history of sarcoidosis suggests a genetic predisposition. Environmental and occupational exposures, such as mold, insecticides, or chemicals, can trigger the disease in susceptible individuals, with certain jobs like firefighting and agricultural work posing higher risks. Additionally, infections with certain bacteria or viruses may act as triggers in those genetically predisposed. Understanding these risk factors can aid in early detection and management of sarcoidosis. At Millennium Physicians, we provide comprehensive care and support for individuals at risk of or living with sarcoidosis.

Treatment Options

Treatment for sarcoidosis aims to manage symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent organ damage. In mild cases, doctors may recommend regular monitoring as some people experience spontaneous remission. For more severe symptoms, medications like corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation, though long-term use is minimized due to potential side effects. Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate) and antimalarial drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine) are also used. In resistant cases, biologics (e.g., infliximab) may be considered. Organ-specific treatments, such as eye drops for ocular involvement, and supportive care like physical therapy, are also part of the comprehensive management plan. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can further support overall health. At Millennium Physicians, we customize treatment plans to meet each patient's unique needs, providing dedicated care and support.

Frequently Asked Questions About Lupus

Sarcoidosis is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays or CT scans), and tissue biopsy to identify granulomas.

7 Convenient Houston Locations

Bellaire

4747 Bellaire Blvd. Ste. 150
Bellaire, TX 77401

Phone: (281) 315-8130
Fax: (281) 315-8131
Hours: Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

Cleveland

314 South San Jacinto Ave
Cleveland, TX 77327

Phone: (936) 571-0508
Fax: (281) 763-2706
Hours: Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

Conroe

506 Medical Center Blvd. Ste. 100
Conroe, TX 77304

Phone: (936)-571-0508
Fax: (281) 763-2706
Hours: Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

Cypress

27700 Northwest Fwy. Ste. 580
Cypress, TX 77433

Phone (346) 345-2400
Fax (346) 345-2401
Hours: Monday - Friday 8:30 AM - 4:00 PM

Houston

522 Timberdale Ln.Houston, TX 77090

Phone: (281) 315-8130
Fax: (281) 315-8131
Hours: Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

Huntsville

130 Medical Center Pkwy. Ste. 5
Huntsville, TX 77340

Phone: (936) 571-0508
Fax: (281) 763-2706
Hours: Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

The Woodlands

9319 Pinecroft Dr. Ste. 100 & 210
The Woodlands, TX 77380

Phone: (346) 345-2400
Fax: (346) 345-2401
Hours: Monday - Friday 8:30 AM - 4:00 PM